Artroscopia, la técnica menos invasiva para las lesiones articulares

Written in association with: Dr. Joaquín Moya-Angeler
Published: | Updated: 20/02/2020
Edited by: Patricia Pujante Crespo

La artroscopia es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo mediante el cual se consigue visualizar en una pantalla el interior de la articulación. Para conseguirlo se realiza con una pequeña cámara u óptica (artroscopio) que se introduce a través de una mini-incisión (menor de un centímetro), llamada portal.

 

Es una técnica que puede aplicarse a muchas articulaciones, que se dividen en pequeñas y grandes articulaciones e incluyen: el hombro, la cadera, el tobillo, la muñeca y la rodilla, entre otras.

 

Según la patología a tratar y la articulación puede ser necesaria hacer una mini-incisión o portal de entrada adicional para introducir un instrumental específico que permita palpar y/o reparar las diferentes estructuras que tienen una lesión.

Doctores realizando una artroscopia, proceso mínimamente invasivo by Top Doctors
La artroscopia permite reparar lesiones articulares con mínima invasión

 

 

¿Para qué se utilizan los distintos tipos de artroscopia?

La artroscopia permite visualizar las estructuras del interior de la articulación para así evaluar e intervenir el cartílago, el ligamento cruzado anterior y los meniscos de la rodilla, y los tendones del manguito rotador en el hombro, entre otros.

 

Algunos de los procedimientos más frecuentemente realizados por vía artroscópica incluyen:

  • Extracción de cuerpos libres,
  • Reparación del labrum glenoideo (en casos de luxaciones recidivantes de hombro)
  • Reparación de roturas en el tendón supraespinoso, infraespinoso y subescapular del hombro
  • Pinzamiento femoroacetabular de la cadera (CAM y Pincer)
  • Reparación del ligamento cruzado anterior y posterior en la rodilla
  • Resección o reparación del menisco de la rodilla
  • Tratamiento de lesiones de cartílago articular con distintas técnicas
  • Tratamiento del pinzamiento del tobillo

 

A veces también se emplea la artroscopia para valorar la superficie de la articulación en fracturas de muñeca y rodilla, garantizando una correcta reducción de la superficie articular.

 

¿Cuáles son las principales ventajas de la artroscopia?

El hecho de realizar el procedimiento mediante pequeñas incisiones hace que las tasas de infección sean muy bajas, y que el tiempo ingreso y recuperación sea más corto. Además, proporciona un resultado estético mejor comparado con la cirugía abierta.

 

¿Es la artroscopia dolorosa?

La artroscopia es un procedimiento no doloroso que se lleva a cabo en quirófano por el especialista en Traumatología. En la mayoría de casos se realiza con anestesia regional y sedación, evitando la anestesia general. Casi todos los procedimientos hechos por artroscopia no requieren de ingreso hospitalario sino que se hacen de forma ambulatoria, es decir, el paciente se va a casa en el mismo día de la intervención.

*Translated with Google translator. We apologize for any imperfection

By Dr. Joaquín Moya-Angeler
Orthopaedic Surgery

Career and academic training

Dr. Moya-Angeler has a degree in Medicine from the University of Navarra . He completed his residency, via MIR, in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the FREMAP Hospital in Majadahonda in Madrid.

Subsequently, he obtained the title of Doctor of Medicine with European Mention and Cum Laude rating unanimously by the Complutense University of Madrid . He also completed three years of specialization accredited by the American Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in the United States: Fellowship in Traumatology of Bone Metabolic Diseases at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York (best US hospital in Orthopedic Surgery for ten consecutive years according to the U. S News & World Reports), Fellowship in Hip and Knee Joint Replacement Surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York and Fellowship in Sports Traumatology at Penn State Hershey Medical Center in Pennsylvania. He has recently passed the EBOT (European Board of Orthopedics and Traumatology) exam, obtaining the European degree and accreditation of the specialty. He currently practices public medicine at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital in Murcia and private medicine in Murcia and Madrid. Similarly, Dr. Moya-Angeler, directs the medical services of the UCAM Murcia Club de Futbol and actively collaborates in the treatment and prevention of injuries with the Soriano brothers in “Soriano Trainers”.

 

Scientific trajectory

In the scientific field, Joaquin has participated as a speaker in national and international conferences, including the conferences of the reference societies of the specialty in the national, European and American fields: SECOT (Spanish Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology), EFORT (European Federation of National Associations of Orthopedics and Traumatology) and AAOS (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery) respectively. Also, Dr. Moya-Angeler has been part of the scientific committee of the SECOT congress in his last five editions acting as moderator (in the anterior cruciate knee ligament session) in the 51st congress edition. During his last two years of training as a specialist in Madrid, he was part of the SECOT board of directors, as a member member associate, coordinating the activities of the society aimed at residents.

In the United States during his first year of training, at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, he was a senior clinical associate in Orthopedic Surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College. That same year he collaborated as an author in a chapter of the reference manual of the specialty in the United States published by the AAOS (Orthopedic Knowledge Update 12 Edition). During his second year of training, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, he received the award for the best scientific project among the Fellows of the specialty of Orthopedic Surgery for scientific work: “Isolated polyethylene exchange with increased constraint is comparable to component review TKA for instability. ” That same work was subsequently awarded the "Clinical Science Research Award 2016" awarded by the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in New York.

Joaquin is currently a member of multiple national and international scientific societies (SECOT, AAOS, AMA, AAHKS, AAOSM), collaborates as a critic and scientific reviewer for the American magazine, Journal of Arthroplasty, and is part of the editorial committee of the Society's magazine Latin American Orthopedics and Traumatology (SLAOT).

 

 

*Translated with Google translator. We apologize for any imperfection

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